Note that symbols and words should not be mixed (that is, avoid saying “ K chloride”). Within a sentence, the names of chemical compounds are not capitalized, but the first letter of each elemental symbol should be capitalized (e.g., “We added sodium hydroxide” and “We added NaOH). Within a sentence, the names of chemical elements are not capitalized, but the first letter of a chemical symbol should always be capitalized (e.g., “The sample contained calcium atoms” and “The sample contained Ca atoms”). The following table shows several examples. Note that prefixes such as Tris- and Bis- (which are not commonly italicized) are considered part of the name. In such a case, the first letter of the syllabic portion is capitalized, not the descriptor or prefix. The names of chemicals are not capitalized unless they are the first word of a sentence. This post focuses on capitalization of chemical compounds and abbreviations, another tricky aspect of formatting chemistry papers. A separate article here on the Author Resource Center discusses formatting with chemical compound prefixes.
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